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《亚洲标识》杂志
 
《亚洲标识》杂志
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Outsourcing Opportunities for ADA Signage
ADA signage has become an integral part of the sign industry since the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act back in the 1990. Experts say that every sign company that offers interior signage should be providing some type of solution for this lucrative market. 自1990年《美国残疾人法案》通过以来，ADA标识已经成为标识行业的一个重要组成部分。专家说，所有制作室内标识的公司都应该为这个可盈利的市场提供不同类型的解决方案。 However, many sign shops tend to shy away from this area because of all the federal and state rules and regulations involved in creating ADA signage for different types of locations and environments, as well as in different states. That’s when hooking up with a good ADA sign wholesaler is a perfect option. 然而，许多标识商铺都倾向于避开这一领域，因为根据不同的位置和环境，联邦和各州的所有ADA标识制作条例和准则都不同。这就是需要和优秀的ADA标识批发商合作的原因。 Ideally, the easiest way for most sign shops to dive into this business is by purchasing tactile ADA signs from an experienced outside vendor—and possibly leaving some visual aspects of the signs for in-house production—until the shop becomes more comfortable and established in this market. 理想情况下，对想要扩展这项业务的标识商铺来说，最简单的方法就是从经验丰富的外部供应商那里购买有触感的ADA标识，并且尽可能地为内部生产留下一些在标识视觉方面的成果，直到标识商铺越来越适应这个市场。 Even if a shop decides to farm out the ADA fabrication side, they should still try to be somewhat schooled in the ADA sign federal guidelines as well as their own state’s requirements. In many cases shops can supply their own artwork to ADA sign providers in order to have some control on the quality aspects of the job. 即使一家商铺决定要将ADA标识制作外包出去，他们也应该结合联邦指导方针和他们自己国家的需求尝试在ADA标识制作方面做一些培训。在许多情况下，商铺可以向ADA标识供应商提供他们自己的艺术品，以便对承包的质量方面能够进行一些控制。 So, if you still are on the fence when comes to outsourcing projects to an ADA wholesaler and still have some questions, we spoke to a number of companies that specifically address this market and polled them on some things to look for and consider when choosing an ADA wholesale signage company. 因此，在将项目外包给ADA批发商时，如果你仍然抱观望态度或者有一些疑问，我们会与一些专门处理这个市场的公司进行沟通，让他们采取投票的形式来选择一家合适的ADA批发商。 Partnering Up 合作 “Sign shops usually have a lot of irons in the fire," says Derrick Anderson, owner at ADA Central Signs, Cairo, Nebraska. "Having to be fluent in ADA regulations isn’t always the most cost effective use of sign shop staff time. Having a dependable outside resource to go to for ADA signage allows shops to retain or expand their customer base in a cost effective way.” 内布拉斯加州开罗的ADA中央标识公司负责人Derrick Anderson说：“要求员工必须精通ADA标识制作法规，并不是商铺最具有成本效益的途径。因此，拥有一个可靠的ADA标识外部资源，才能使商铺以成本效益高的方式保留或扩大他们的客户群。 Anderson says that using a wholesale partner that has some flexibility is an important but underrated point. “End customers vary and so do their needs. A lot of wholesale companies won’t do one or two signs anymore, so when the customer comes back two weeks after receiving their order with a couple of additional signs that they forgot to ask for; well, it can be a big hassle with some companies. Some clients have very specific sign types and designs in mind before they come in; and some customers don’t have any idea whatsoever of what they need. Finding a company that is interested in helping shops keep their customers happy is worth the extra effort,” Anderson explains. Anderson说：“与灵活的批发商合作是一个相当重要却容易被忽视的要点。终端客户各不相同，他们的需求也不同。”很多批发公司不会仅仅只做一两个招牌，所以客户会在收到订单的两个星期后，又收到了一些额外的标识制作项目。但是这些客户却忘了之前对批发公司提出的要求，这会对一些公司造成大麻烦。一些客户在合作之前就有非常明确的标识类型和设计方案，而有些客户对于他们所需要的标识没有任何想法。Anderson解释道：“与一家能够让顾客满意的公司合作是值得付出额外努力的。” ADA Trends ADA的发展趋势 “Over the past year or so we have seen a large demand for metal ADA signs,” reports Chris Bayer, owner of CAB Signs, Brooklyn, New York. “Metal signs are generally much more durable than the plastics that most ADA companies are supplying. Metal materials commonly used include aluminum, brass and stainless steel. Most are made with a brushed matte finish to comply with ADA specifications. These signs are made with applique and raster braille. We also have seen a great demand for custom coloring. To this point we have a Matthews paint mixing station that allows us to mix many custom colors.” 纽约布鲁克林CAB标识的业主Chris Bayer表示：“在过去的一年里，我们看到了对金属ADA标识的大量需求。”金属标识比大多数ADA公司提供的塑料标识更耐用。它们通常采用的金属材料包括铝型材、黄铜和不锈钢，大多数都会经过拉丝磨砂处理，以符合ADA规格，这些标识是用贴花和光栅盲文制成的。另外，我们也看到了对定制着色的大量需求。说到这一点，我们有一个马修斯油漆搅拌站，那里允许我们自定义地混合多种颜色。 Bayer points out shops can add services such as photopolymer that they do not make in house. “Sign shops don’t need to have special equipment or supplies. Outsourcing allows shops to work with vendors who are both knowledgeable and capable of manufacturing ADA signs to meet a customer's specifications. By farming out this type of work, the sign shop gets to focus on what they do best. Bayer指出，商店可以添加一些适用于户外的树脂等材料，标识店不需要准备特殊的设备或物资。外包业务能够促成标识商铺与优秀的ADA标识供应商合作。通过外包这种类型的工作，标识店可以开始把重心放在他们最擅长的项目上了。 "Often, working with a wholesaler can be as simple as emailing an art file and requesting a quote. The key factor here is finding the right vendor. This would be someone who has the capabilities that their clients need. After working with a vendor there is a certain trust factor that builds. You get to know what to expect from them,” Bayer adds. 很多时候与批发商合作就像通过电子邮件发送艺术品文件和请求报价一样简单，这里的关键因素是寻找合适的供应商，这就是说客户需要找有洞察力的人。Bayer补充说：“与供应商合作之后，就建立了彼此之间充分的信任基础，你会开始明白什么是他们所期望的。” Hank McMahon, president of SignMojo.com, Chattanooga, Tennessee, says he's seeing a number of interesting trends in this market right now. “The first trend is that there are more options than ever. Every customer wants options in the form of more colors and more sign collections to choose from. 田纳西州查塔努加SignMojo网站的总裁Hank McMahon说，他现在看到了这个市场上一些有趣的发展趋势。第一个趋势是供应商的选择比以往任何时候都多，每个客户都希望从多种色彩和标识形式中选择自己想要的。 "We recently expanded our room number products to include various sign shapes and sizes to provide our distributors with more options," Bahyer says. "We’re also seeing a shift toward wood grain patterns and nature-inspired patterns. Another trend is a surge in online ordering. ADA companies should make all their products available online to make it easier for local sign shops and their end user customers to buy any time day or night. Our distributors are always busy, so allowing them to place orders any time of the day is huge! We receive a lot of orders after five pm local time, and we get lots of weekend orders from our online store,” he adds. Bahyer说：“我们最近扩大了产品展示的房间数量，包括各种标识的形状和尺寸，为我们的经销商提供更多的选择。我们也看到了向木纹图案和带有自然元素标识转换的发展趋势。另一个趋势是在线订购的数量不断增加，ADA公司应该将他们所有的产品放到线上，这样当地的标识商铺和他们的终端用户能随时在线上进行购买。我们的经销商几乎没有空闲的时间，客户可以在一天的任何时间下订单，该订单量是巨大的。我们的网上商店在当地时间下午5点之后还能收到很多订单，其中有很多周末的订单。” Keeping up with Rules and Regulations 遵守规则和条例 McMahon also notes that creating ADA-compliant interior sign can be complicated because of all the rules and regulations that must be adhered to. “There are so many rules and regulations pertaining to ADA signage," he says, and not just the federal ADA guidelines. "The IBC (International Building Code), the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) and the ANSI (American National Standards Institute) all have standards that must be complied with. In addition, there are states that have strict state and county codes and many of these codes are consistently being updated. For this reason, Signmojo has a Regulations Compliance Team that is continuously researching guidelines to make sure that our signs are compliant and manufactured in a timely manner.” McMahon还指出，由于必须遵守所有的规则和法规，制作依从性ADA内部标识的过程可能会很复杂。有关ADA标识的许多规则和法规，不只是联邦ADA的指导方针，而是IBC（国际建筑规范）、NFPA（国家防火协会）和ANSI（美国国家标准协会 ）都有必须遵守的标准。此外，有些州有严格的准则，并且许多准则也一直在更新。为此，Signmojo有一个法规团队，不断研究制作指南，以确保我们的标识符合他们的要求并且能够及时的制造出来。 “In all we have 13 different departments that somehow all have to come together with their part of the product within 10 days probably thousands of times every month. It’s a real challenge on the manufacturing front. When you add in the complexity of the ADA, the IBC, and NFPA, we have a wealth of knowledge necessary to succeed in this business.” 我们有13个不同的部门，所有的人必须在一起工作，在10天内要完成产品的每个部分，产品的一部分每个月可能会被制作上千次，这对制造业来说是一个真正的挑战。如果你想要用于复杂的ADA、IBC和NFPA，我们拥有实现这一业务所需的大量知识。 Outsourcing Benefits and Questions to Ask 外包的优点和问题 “One of the many benefits to signs shops in regard to outsourcing is that, if they do their homework and are willing to learn some basic signs, then they don’t have to invest in the equipment necessary to make high-quality tactile ones,” says Sharon Toji, president of ADA Sign Products, Long Beach, California. “They can put their money into sales, design and customer service instead,” she adds. 加利福尼亚长滩ADA Sign Products公司总裁Sharon Toji说“在外包方面标识店的好处之一是，如果他们做室内作业，并愿意学习一些基本的标识，那么他们不必投资高成本设备，而是把钱投入销售、设计和客户服务方面。” Toji, who also offers professional ADA consulting, says shops should be able to get a few sample signs that demonstrate the qualities of the product that the wholesale company sells. She points out that in terms of the tactile elements, even though you aren’t blind yourself and almost definitely don’t read braille, you should be able to pass your fingertips over both the raised characters and the braille and not feel as if your fingers would be sore after reading a few signs. “Both the characters and the braille dots should each be distinct from other characters and dots, and you shouldn’t be able to feel the ridge of a raised border or frame or any other detail when your fingertips are passing over the braille.” Toji也提供专业的ADA咨询，她认为商店应该制作一些有代表性的标识，能够证明批发商销售的产品质量。她指出，在触觉方面，即使你的视力正常、看不懂盲文，但是手指触摸过几个标识后会感觉到疼痛和不舒服。字符和盲文点应该与其他字符和点不同，当你的指尖经过盲文时，你不会感受到凸起的边框或框架的脊线或任何其他细节。 Toji says it's a good idea to ask the wholesale ADA company what kind of translation software they use for creating their braille. “If you are in California, make sure that they are using the California font," she says. "It's actually legal through all the states, but if you have any doubts about the braille, you can always ask for a printed translation and that they should be able to provide certification from a braille transcriber.” Toji说询问ADA批发公司用什么类型的翻译软件来创建盲文是一个不错的主意。 “如果你在加利福尼亚州，请确保他们使用加利福尼亚字体，它是所有州合法的，但如果你对盲文有任何的疑问，你可以随时查看翻译印刷体，他们也能提供盲文誊写体。 Toji adds that you should be cautious of wholesale companies that promise unrealistically fast turnaround times. “Companies that promise miracles are often skimping somewhere," she says "On the other hand, if you are ordering standard items like restroom signs or exit signs, the wholesale company may have those on the shelf ready to ship. Lastly, question prices that are rock bottom. Again, what will be skipped in terms of quality in order to get miraculously low prices and miraculously fast turnaround?” Toji补充道：“对于批发公司，你要警惕他们不切实际的快速周转时间的承诺，这通常会导致公司在某个环节缩减制作步骤。另一方面，如果你订购标准物品，如厕所标识或出口标识，批发公司可能会将已经在货架上的准备邮寄出去。最后，询问其最低价格。为了获得出乎意料的低价格和快速周转时间，他们在质量方面又会跳过哪些步骤呢？” Other Things to Consider 其他需要考虑的问题 McMahon says that sign shops should look for a wholesale partner that offers a fully functioning website that shows a huge breadth of customizable product and colors with short lead times. “A signage partner should be well versed with ADA sign rules, and should offer an ADA compliance guarantee," he says. "In addition, the signage partner should offer an easy to use quoting system for large projects. Many quotes are complicated and hard to read. Our quoting system, SignSpec, is a world-class online quoting system where we customize each sign with your text and color options, and allow you to review and place your order online quickly and easily.” McMahon说：“标识店应该和批发商进行合作，他们可以提供功能齐全的网站，上面有大量可定制的产品和颜色选择，这样会缩短生产周期。标识合作伙伴应该熟悉ADA标识规则，并且应当提供ADA合规性保证。此外，标识合作伙伴应该为大型项目提供一个易于使用的报价系统。许多报价都很复杂，可读性很差。我们的报价系统SignSpec，是一个世界级的在线报价系统，在上面我们可以根据客户使用的文本和颜色选项来定制每个标识，并且允许他们快速轻松地查看和下订单。” He suggests looking for a company that offers a guarantee equal to the life of the building. “Not many companies offer this but we do. Having a ‘Life-of-the-Building" guarantee provides the sign company the assurance that he is representing a high-quality product that has been engineered to look as good the day it is installed as the day it is taken down. A short lead time is another strategic advantage for our customers. We ship 86 percent of our orders in 10 days or less. Most end users think we throw a bunch of plastic into a machine and it comes out shrink wrapped in an hour where the reality is so different. It takes a lot of machines, people and skilled hands combining to make the product.” 他建议寻找一家产品保修期与其建筑使用寿命相等的公司进行合作。没有多少公司能提供这项保证，但我们能做到。提供“建筑使用寿命”的保修期为标识公司提供了保障，它代表高品质的产品。短期交货时间是我们为客户提供的另一个战略优势，我们在10天或更短时间内完成86％的订单的发货。大多数终端用户认为我们是把塑料投入机器，收缩包装在一个小时内成形，但实际上根本不是这样，它需要很多机器以及熟练工结合制作产品的技巧来生产。 McMahon points out that there are many local customers who need a lot of handholding and installation services when it comes to ADA signage. “This plays right into the strong presence of the sign shop that has the capability to assist with placement, needed sign types and compliance strategies even though they might not actually manufacture the ADA sign product. The local sign shop owner can leverage our expertise to their advantage and make a lot of money without investing huge sums in ADA manufacturing capabilities,” he adds. McMahon指出，当提到ADA标识时，很多当地客户需要大量的手持和安装服务。这正好显示出标商铺的强大市场地位，即使他们可能不生产ADA标识产品，但是也有能力协助安置所需的标识类型和合规战略。他补充道，当地标识店主没有将巨大的资金投入到ADA制造能力的情况下，可以利用我们的专业知识来为自己谋利，并且赚取大量的资金。 Multiple Programs Available 程序多功能的使用 ADA signage wholesalers say there are multiple programs available for shops to choose from. Toji says that her company offers several unique programs that assist shops that just want to broker signs, as well as programs for creative designers with varying capabilities in fabrication. ADA标识批发商表示，标识商铺有很多可以选择的制作过程。Toji说他们公司提供了几个独特的制作过程，协助一些想要代理标识的商铺，以及为富有创造性的设计师提升他们的制作能力。 “First, we are one of the companies that can provide thermoformed tactile signs and sign components. These signs are the perfect answer for clients who are tired of replacing signs where characters and braille dots get picked off, “melt” away when gradually exposed to moisture, or are so carelessly manufactured that they literally fall off the signs. On top of that, they are very easy for people to read because it is simple to make rounded or domed Braille dots and beveled or rounded shapes on characters strokes. They are true one-piece signs that cannot delaminate or be taken apart.” 首先，我们是能够提供热成型触觉标识和标识组件的公司之一。有些客户厌倦了替换标识、字符和盲文点，有些标识在潮湿空气中容易生锈，或者是不小心从字面上脱落，而这些有触感的标识就是客户的最佳选择。最重要的是，它们的可读性很强，因为它们是由简单的圆形或圆顶盲文点和斜角或圆形的字符笔画组成的。它们是真正的单件式标识，不能分层或被分开。 She points out that for the “blue and white” client or any client who just wants a very simple standard color combination of light and dark, they have an extensive choice of standard signs in their online catalog. They offer 11 standard color combinations, with a dark on light and light on dark choice for each. There are three standard typestyles as well, a choice of radius or square corners, and besides that, some size choices. 她指出，对于想要“蓝白”标识或任何亮暗颜色组合标识的客户，他们在线上店铺中都有多种选择。他们提供11种标准的颜色组合，每一个暗色中的亮光和亮色中的暗光，都是可选择的。除此之外，还有三个标准的格式选择、半径或方角选择、尺寸选择。 “For the sign shop that has some capabilities—and particularly for one with an in-house designer—we have a really unique opportunity with our ‘Pieces and Parts’ modular system. It is particularly suited for any project with a large number of room number signs.” Toji says the system has, as its base, seven different sign shapes to use for room numbers. 对于一些有室内设计师的标识商铺，我们提供一个独特的配件模块化系统，它特别适用于大部分带有标识的房间。Toji说，该系统有七种不同的符号形状用于房间号码。 “The designer can use the room number shapes independently, or can pair them with backplates, decorative layers and insert pieces to create a completely unique system. In addition, the pieces can be backed with digital prints or back-painted with any color desired, although we do recommend adhering closely to requirements for dark/light contrast.” 设计师可以单独使用房间的标识形状，或者将背板、装饰层和插入件配对，来创建一个独特的标识系统。此外，这些作品可以采用数字打印或在背面涂上任何想要的颜色，尽管我们建议您严格按照暗/光对比的要求来上色。 Their company offers one more asset that no other wholesale company can boast, the consulting services of Sharon Toji—otherwise known as the ‘ADA Sign Lady.’ She says her sign shop clients in the field often call her to tap into her extensive knowledge of the history and intent of the ADA standards. “When you deal with ADA Sign Products, you have a unique ‘buy one, get one free’ opportunity to get it right, the first time,” she concludes.
2017/4/6 13:24:45
Substrates: Building a better material sandwich
Many popular substrates for the sign and graphics industry are not simply base materials, but rather ‘sandwiches’ that combine multiple layers of different materials to create new composites. Over time, these materials have continued to be customized for signmakers’ changing needs. 在标识图文行业中，许多流行的底材不仅仅是基材，而是多层材料组合以创建新复合材料的“三明治”。随着时间的推移，根据客户对标识牌不断变化的需求，这些材料被定制成各种不同的样式。 Stained glass via foamboard 彩色玻璃泡沫板 By way of example, when artist Calley O’Neill of Waimea, Hawaii, designed a new 15.8-m (52-ft) long forest-inspired stained glass mosaic mural for Maui’s Pukalani Elementary School, she decided to experiment with a new process she had developed with fellow artist Lamar Yoakum, using a heavy-duty graphic display board. 例如，夏威夷怀梅阿的艺术家Calley O'Neill为毛伊岛Pukalani小学设计了一个绿野仙踪彩色玻璃壁画，长达15.8米长（52英尺），她决定与艺术家Lamar Yoakum一起开发新的体验，他们首先使用了重型图形显示板。 Titled ‘Na Wao A’O Pi’liani’ (The Life Giving Forests Of Maui), the mural was commissioned by the Hawaii State Foundation on Culture and the Arts, as part of its Art in Public Places collection, for installation on an exterior wall of the school. Measuring (14 ft) tall at its peak, the mural would involve the work of nearly 260 Pukalani community members, including teachers and some 185 students from the school’s Grade 4 and 5 classes. 主题为‘Na Wao A'O Pi'liani’（毛伊岛森林的生命）的壁画是由夏威夷州文化艺术基金会委托制作的，将其作为公共场所艺术收藏品的一部分，安装在学校的外墙。14英尺高的壁画将由近260名Pukalani社区成员共同完成，其中包括教师以及学校四年级和五年级的185名学生。 O’Neill and Yoakum turned to a composite material consisting of polystyrene (PS) foam bonded between two layers of a wood-fibre veneer laminate, both to create a detailed mosaic pattern and to work on with the glass pieces. Three full-sized cartoons of O’Neill’s master plan were printed. The first of these numbered clear pencil line drawings was preserved as a blueprint and base pattern, upon which to place the actual mural each time it was fitted to a floor. The second was adhered to (0.5-in.) thick white panels of the graphic display board and jigsaw-cut into a puzzle of 75 segments, which were sandwiched with light cement-based building panels and complemented with an additional 95 graphic board segments for the border. Finally, the third—printed on thin polyester sheets—was hand-cut with pattern shears into 3,350 pieces to guide the glass cutting, leaving 3.2-mm (0.13-in.) spaces between the pieces. O'Neill和Yoakum最开始使用一种由聚苯乙烯（PS）泡沫组成的复合材料，其原理是将聚苯乙烯放置于两层木纤维单板层压板之间，在玻璃片上形成细密的图案。O'Neill的三张全幅漫画被喷印出来以后，在这些编号清晰的铅笔线图中，第一个漫画保存为蓝图和基本图案，每次将其贴在地板上时，都会先将壁画放在上面。第二个是将漫画粘贴在图形显示板0.5英寸厚的白板上，将其细分成75个部分，夹在轻水泥基建筑面板上，并附加95个图形板作为边界。最后，将第三个聚酯薄片用模具切成3,350块，以辅助玻璃切割，在两块压板之间留下3.2毫米（0.13英寸）的空间。 “This way, we were able to create the design and check it on the school’s gym floor twice before installation,” O’Neill explains. “While the 3,350 completed stained glass pieces on the cement building panels were heavy, we were able to construct the design on the foamboard panels, which are very light, rigid and water-resistant, so we could easily carry these pieces around our shop and to the wall. We’re very happy with the results and the technique we developed.” O'Neill解释说：“这样我们就可以在安装前设计并检测学校健身房地板上两次。虽然水泥建筑面板上3,350个彩色玻璃碎片很重，但我们能够在泡沫板上构造出轻型刚性防水的设计，因此我们可以容易地将这些作品放在我们商店周围的墙上。我们对这项技术的开发和成果非常满意。” After the stained glass pieces were shipped from O’Neill’s studio by truck and barge to the school, they were covered with mosaic tape, lifted and installed into thin-set mortar on the wall. The installation was completed in one week by a four-person team, directed by Isaac Homza of Higher Standard Tile and Stone. 彩色玻璃片从O'Neill的工作室通过卡车和驳船运送到学校后，用马赛克胶带覆盖，抬起并安装在墙上的薄型砂浆中。在一个星期内，该装置的工作由四名人员组成，来自Isaac Homza高标准来管理公司。 A process of evolution 演变过程 Specifically, the school mural used Gatorfoam boards from 3A Composites, which also manufactures Dibond aluminum composite materials (ACMs), Fome-Cor clay-coated paper-faced foamboards, Sintra polyvinyl chloride (PVC) boards and Smart-X recyclable foamboards, which combine an expanded PS (EPS) core with two layers of high-impact PS (HIPS). 具体来说，学校壁画使用的是3A复合材料轻质泡沫板，它还生产铝型材复合材料（ACM）、粘土涂层纸面泡沫板、辛特拉聚氯乙烯（PVC）板和Smart-X可回收泡沫板，这些组合成了两层高冲击性PS（EPS）核心产品。 “We have batch processes that allow us to take dissimilar materials and sandwich them together,” explains Douglas A. Twitchell, 3A’s vice-president (VP) of marketing for the Americas. “We closely monitor product developments by wide-format printer manufacturers, so whenever new models become available, we’re ready with tried and tested materials that are compatible with them.” 3A公司副总裁（美洲营销副总裁）Douglas A. Twitchell解释道：“我们的间歇性制作流程可以采用不同的材料，并将其组合在一起处理。我们密切监视宽幅打印机制造商的产品开发情况，所以每当有新的型号可以使用时，我们都可以使用经过验证过的材料。” When new inks are formulated, for example, it is important for substrates to be able to receive those inks effectively, which may call for a composite approach. 当配制出新的油墨时，需要考虑的是，基材是否能够有效地吸收这些油墨，这可能需要一个复合型方案。 “You want a bright white substrate to ensure colours ‘pop,’ but it can be difficult to make the surface more ink-receptive while maintaining that white point,” says Twitchell. “Beyond the core material, it’s a question of which coatings you add to the surface. Some ultraviolet-resistant (UV-resistant) coatings, for instance, will add a yellow cast, reducing the whiteness of the surface. The goal is to provide the highest-quality printing surface possible.” Twitchell说：“你想要用一个亮白色底层来确保颜色的潮流趋势，但是，保持白点会使得材料表面不易吸收墨水。除了核心材料之外还有一个问题是，在基材表面添加了哪些涂层。例如，一些抗紫外线的涂层通过增加黄色铸件来降低表面的白度，从而提供最高质量的打印面。” For the sign shop, meanwhile, the choice among various composite substrates will depend on the intended application and its environment. A foam core with paper faces may be appropriate for temporary indoor signs and point-of-purchase (POP) displays, while rigid boards with a wood-fibre veneer skin offer a wider variety of thicknesses and levels of durability. 其间，对于标识商店来说，各种复合基板之间的选择取决于预期的应用和环境。具有纸面的泡沫芯可能适用于临时室内标识和购买点（POP）显示屏，而具有木纤维单板的刚性板具有更多种类的厚度和持久性水平。 The most durable options are ACMs. Brushed finishes are available for interior use, but their primary applications are outdoors, including larger monument signs that must cope with wind loads. Similar materials are even used for cladding buildings. 最耐用的是铝型材复合材料。刷漆表面可用于室内使用，也用于建筑物外墙，但主要用于室外，包括应对风荷较大的纪念碑标识。 “We can mix and match substrate cores and surfaces both for the architectural market and for signs and displays,” Twitchell says. “It’s a process of evolution for existing technologies.” Twitchell说：“我们可以对建筑市场标识显示的基板芯和表面进行混合和匹配，这是现有技术的进步。” By way of example, 3A is developing lighter foamboards with balsam plywood veneer panels, as well as custom colour-matched panels for more visually creative fabrication projects. 举个例子，3A公司正在开发比胶合单板更轻的起泡板，以及用于制造视觉创意项目进行颜色定制的面板。 The versatility of ACMs 铝型材复合材料的多功能性 There has also been a process of diversification specifically for ACMs, given their versatility across various industries. 考虑到铝型材复合材料在各个行业的通用性，它们经历了一个多元化的发展过程。 “There can be very significant differences, depending on the type of skin on the product,” says Ted Isbell, a graphics specialist for Piedmont Plastics, which distributes sheet, rod, tube and film products across North America. “It can range anywhere from 0.08 to 0.5 mm (3 to 20 mil) in thickness.” 皮埃蒙特塑料的图形专家Ted Isbell表示：“由于分布在北美地区的片材、棒材、管材和薄膜不同，造成的产品类别也会存在很大差异。它可以在0.08至0.5毫米（3至20密耳）的厚度范围内浮动。 Piedmont’s most common option is a 0.2-mm (8-mil) skinned standard-grade ACM for flat sheet applications, but the company also recommends a 0.3-mm (12-mil) version for bending, three-dimensional (3-D) forming and V-grooving, as well as applications with wind loads. 皮埃蒙特公司最常见的产品是用于平板应用的0.2 mm（8 mil）标准级铝型材复合材料，除此之外，公司还建议使用0.3毫米（12 mil）的卷材、三维（3-D）成型和V形槽，以及风载应用程序。 “If you go as thin as 0.15 mm (6 mil), there will be durability issues, as the material will dent fairly easily and won’t stand up to a lot of abuse,” Isbell says. “There are also varying grades of aluminum. Some are harder than others. We test them in the field and gather customer feedback.” Isbell说：“如果你把材料切成0.15毫米（6密耳）的厚度，将会出现持久性问题，因为材料会变得容易凹陷，经不起多重摧残。铝型材也有不同档次的，有些比其他材料要坚固。我们会在现场对材料进行测试，同时收集客户的反馈意见。” As mentioned, one of the primary concerns for print service providers (PSPs) is ink adhesion. This has gotten much better, Isbell explains, with today’s flatbed printers processing ‘digital-grade’ matte-finish ACMs, which can support adhesion not only at the printing stage, but also through finishing, as the edges are engineered to prevent chipping during routing. 如上所述，打印服务提供商（PSP）的主要担忧之一是墨水的粘附效果。Isbell解释说：“因为在材料的边缘上，做了一个防止在布线过程中发生碎裂的设计，现在的平板打印机能在铝型材复合材料的亚光表面进行‘数字级’处理，不仅是在印刷阶段，还可以通过精加工来支持粘合。” “Some sign shops will also laminate with UV stabilizers to protect the inks,” he says. “You don’t need to laminate against moisture, though, as the ACMs are already water-resistant.” 他说：“一些标识商店会运用UV稳定剂层压来保护油墨。但是，铝型材复合材料已经具有防水性，因此可以不需要用层压过程来防潮。” Beyond direct-print substrates, ACMs are also used as backings for other signs. Many signmakers use the 0.2-mm thick material on the backs of channel letters and the 0.3-mm version for sign cans. 除了直接喷印基板之外，铝型材复合材料也被用作其他标识的背衬。许多标识制造商将0.2毫米用在槽形发光字背面、0.3毫米厚的材料用在标识罐背面。 “The edges are protected in the letters or cans, so there is not much threat of any impact or breakdown for these applications,” says Isbell. “They perform well in both hot and cold environments.” Isbell说：“由于这些边缘受到发光字或罐子的保护，所以没有受到这些应用程序的任何影响或破坏。他们在炎热和寒冷的环境中依然能发挥作用。” In the future, he predicts, in addition to tweaking printer-friendly topcoatings and other types of finishes for ACMs, the sheets will likely be made available in larger sizes to meet sign shop requests—and thicker, for that matter, since the materials are already so much lighter than the plywood they have replaced in outdoor signage. 他预计在未来，除了调整打印专用的面漆和铝型材复合材料的表面处理之外，可能会提供更大更厚的纸张尺寸以满足标识商店的需求，因为复合材料已经比他们在室外标识牌上使用的胶合板轻得多了。 “A larger sheet might well need a thicker skin to mitigate the impact of handing,” says Isbell. Isbell说：“一个大型的板材也需要一个较厚的表面来减轻被处理后的冲击。” Maximizing metal 金属最大化 The main advantages of ACMs over plywood for exterior signs are their lower weight, which means easier handling for installers, and their stronger weatherability. 铝型材复合材料在外墙标识胶合板上的主要优点是轻便和超强抗风化性能，这意味着使安装人员更容易操纵。 “In the U.S., ACMs have been approved by the Department of Transportation (DOT) for construction zone signs,” says Shaun Allen, a product manager for sign supply distributor Grimco. “They are less expensive than thicker-gauge aluminums, but also more rigid than thinner aluminums. So, you even have signs that would previously have been aluminum switching to ACMs.” 标识供应经销商Grimco的产品经理Shaun Allen说：“在美国，铝型材复合材料已经被运输部（DOT）批准用于施工区域的标识，它们比较厚规格的铝型材便宜，而且比较薄的铝型材更硬。所以，你甚至会预先将标识的铝型材转换成铝型材复合材料。” Grimco carries a variety of ACMs, from Nudo’s AlumaCorr, which sandwiches a corrugated/fluted polypropylene (PP) co-polymer between two aluminum faces, to Max Metal, whose polyethylene (PE) core can reportedly stand up to being hit with a hammer. Nudo AlumaCorr公司的Grimco能生产多样化的铝型材复合材料，它可以将两个铝表面之间的瓦楞/槽纹聚丙烯（PP）共聚物夹在Max Metal上，聚乙烯（PE）芯可以用锤子立起来。 “An open-flute design is more subject to denting,” Allen explains. “The choice will depend on where the material will be used. Some sheets are designed for mounting vinyl graphics, but the majority have shifted toward flatbed direct printing. And some are intended more for architectural purposes, such as brushed silver canopies.” Allen解释说：“一个开凹槽的设计更容易受到凹陷的影响。设计的选择将取决于材料的使用位置。一些纸张设计用于安装贴膜图形，但大多数已经转向平板直接喷印技术。还有一些更适用于建筑，比如磨砂银罩。” As with Piedmont’s digital-grade ACMs, Grimco has recently tested Max Metal Digital with major printer manufacturers to optimize its ink adhesion. 与皮埃蒙特的数码级铝型材复合材料一样，Grimco最近对主要打印机制造商Max Metal Digital进行了测试，以优化其墨水附着力。 “The world of digital printing has really changed ACMs,” says Allen. “The selection will continue to broaden for different applications.”
2017/4/6 13:18:52
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